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In situ hybridization was used on frozen tissue sections with digoxigenin-labelled antisense riboprobes to inhibin/activin alpha and beta(A) subunits to determine whether inhibin/activin subunit mRNA expression was associated with development of growing, steroidogenically active follicles during follicle recruitment after ovulation. Cell proliferation-associated nuclear antigen Ki-67 protein and cytochrome P450 aromatase expression in granulosa cells were determined immunohistochemically and used as markers for granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis, respectively, on days 3, 5 and 7 after the onset of oestrus. The amounts of inhibin/activin alpha and beta(A) subunit mRNA and P450 aromatase protein were greater (102, 93, and 238%, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) in medium than in small non-atretic follicles and were positively correlated with Ki-67 and with each other. Inhibin/activin alpha and beta(A) mRNA, P450 aromatase, and Ki-67 in granulosa cells were reduced by 66-83% (P &lt; 0.001) in atretic follicles compared with non-atretic follicles. In addition, inhibin/activin alpha and beta(A) mRNA and P450 aromatase in small (1-2 mm) non-atretic follicles decreased (P &lt; 0.05) between day 3 and day 7 independently of morphological or biochemical signs of atresia. The pattern of inhibin/activin subunit mRNA expression supports the notion that activin and inhibin have roles in growth and steroidogenesis in follicle recruitment during the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle.

In situ analysis of the changes in expression of ovarian inhibin subunit mRNAs during follicle recruitment after ovulation in pigs