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Binucleate cells in ruminant placenta are differentiated from fetal mononucleate trophoblast cells and secrete many glycoproteins. This study characterized bovine placental binucleate cells in primary culture and a bovine trophoblastic cell line (BT-1) with an N-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectin, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA). DBA specifically bound to the surface membrane and the cytoplasm of binucleate cells. Mononucleate epithelial cells and fibroblasts were free of DBA. DBA-positive binucleate cells corresponded to the fully matured cells, producing placental lactogen, and the cytoplasm was devoid of cytokeratin. Binucleate cells assumed a flattened shape on a collagen substratum in an extended culture, and entered a dedifferentiated state with a degranulation of placental lactogen. In these flattened cells, DBA reactions were attenuated in the cytoplasm. DBA binding in BT-1 was subsequently examined. BT-1 was derived from blastocysts produced in vitro and is trophectodermal as shown by the expression of cytokeratin. BT-1 was able to differentiate into placental lactogen-producing binucleate cells on a collagen gel substratum. Cytokeratin expression in BT-1 was downregulated with the differentiation into binucleate cells. However, DBA bound to neither mononucleate nor the differentiated binucleate cells in BT-1. These results indicate that binucleate cells in vivo but not binucleate cells derived from BT-1, specifically developed glycoconjugates recognized by DBA. The glycoconjugate expression was associated with fully differentiated cells. The onset of DBA binding in binucleate cells coincides with placental development, and binucleate cells differentiated from BT-1 cell cultures may reflect those cells at earlier stages of gestation.

Association of Dolichos biflorus lectin binding with full differentiation of bovine trophoblast cells