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The effect of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on folliculogenesis and ovulation was studied. Folliculogenesis and ovulation were induced in immature female rats with a s.c. injection of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG), followed 48 h later by human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The ovulation rate was measured after the following treatments. (1) Graded doses of human M-CSF (1-300 x 10(3) iu per rat) were administered i.p. daily for 3 consecutive days. (2) M-CSF (100 x 10(3) iu) was administered i.p. at designated times between 96 h before and 10 h after hCG injection. (3) Rabbit anti-human M-CSF polyclonal antibody (5 micrograms) was administered into the left ovarian bursa at designated times between 49 h before and 10 h after hCG injection. In addition, the effect of M-CSF on ovarian macrophages was investigated using immunohistochemistry with mouse anti-rat macrophage monoclonal antibody, TRPM-3. The treatment with M-CSF (&gt; 30 x 10(3) iu per rat) significantly increased the ovulation compared with controls in a dose-dependent manner. This stimulatory effect of M-CSF was observed when it was administered between 96 h and 49 h before hCG injection. The ovarian intrabursal administration of anti-M-CSF antibody significantly inhibited the number of ovulated ova from the treated ovaries compared with either those from control rats or from the contralateral untreated ovaries between 24 h before and 3 h after hCG injection. The immunohistochemistry revealed that M-CSF increased the number of ovarian macrophages in growing follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on folliculogenesis in gonadotrophin-primed immature rats