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Experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that inhibin and oestradiol act synergistically to inhibit the secretion of FSH, to test for effects of progesterone, and to compare the FSH and LH responses to ovarian feedback. In Exp. 1, with 11 ovariectomized and 12 intact Romanov ewes during the anoestrous season, doses of oestradiol (administered by means of subcutaneous implants) that restored normal LH pulse frequencies were insufficient to restore normal concentrations of FSH. In Exp. 2, with 48 ovariectomized Welsh Mountain ewes during the breeding season, a factorial design with 4 ewes per cell was used to assess the responses in LH and FSH to 3 doses of oestradiol (s.c. implants) and 4 doses of bovine follicular fluid ('inhibin', 0.2-1.6 ml s.c. every 8 h). This was done initially in the absence of progesterone and then after 7 days of treatment with progesterone (s.c. implants). Analysis of variance revealed a significant synergistic interaction between oestradiol and inhibin on the plasma concentrations of FSH. Progesterone had little effect. In contrast, there was a significant synergistic interaction between oestradiol and progesterone on the concentrations of LH. 'Inhibin' also inhibited LH secretion but this effect was independent of the two steroids. We conclude that there are basic differences in the way that ovarian feedback acts to control the secretion of LH and FSH in the ewe. FSH secretion appears to be primarily controlled by the synergistic action of oestradiol and inhibin on the anterior pituitary gland, while the secretion of LH is inhibited during the follicular phase by an effect of oestrogen at pituitary level and during the luteal phase by the synergistic action of oestradiol and progesterone at the hypothalamic level. Inhibin, or another non-steroidal factor in follicular fluid, may also play a minor role in the control of LH secretion.

Interactions between inhibin, oestradiol and progesterone in the control of gonadotrophin secretion in the ewe