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Treatment of GnRH-deficient (hpg) female mice with oestradiol-17 beta (E2) for 7 days increased GnRH receptors from 4.1 +/- 0.4 fmol/pituitary (control) to 7.2 +/- 0.7 fmol/pituitary (GnRH-treated), and consistently increased pituitary FSH content. Treatment of hpg female mice with E2 plus progesterone (P) for 14 days stimulated GnRH receptors more than did E2 alone, although values still remained lower than those of normal intact female mice. In contrast, GnRH treatment of intact hpg female mice alone, or combined with E2 + P, increased GnRH receptors to values similar to those of intact normal female mice. In contrast, the receptor rise after GnRH treatment alone of ovariectomized hpg mice was significantly less than in intact hpg mice similarly treated. However, the combination of GnRH + E2 + P treatment of ovariectomized hpg mice increased GnRH receptors to normal intact female values, indicating the synergistic actions of these hormones on GnRH receptor up-regulation at the pituitary. Oestradiol treatment of ovariectomized normal female mice prevented the receptor fall after ovariectomy, and when combined with exogenous GnRH further increased receptors to values identical to those of intact female mice receiving GnRH alone. Ovariectomy of hpg mice had no effect on GnRH receptor, serum or pituitary LH and FSH values. There was no change in serum LH concentration after GnRH treatment of hpg female mice, but serum FSH increased and this was accentuated by ovariectomy, indicating that in intact mice an ovarian factor(s) normally inhibits GnRH-stimulated FSH release. This factor did not appear to be an ovarian steroid since serum FSH was not suppressed in intact or ovariectomized GnRH-treated hpg mice concurrently receiving E2 + P treatment. These results suggest that: (1) gonadal steroids alone have a major direct stimulatory action on the pituitary to increase GnRH receptors; (2) the oestrogen-induced increase in GnRH receptors is enhanced in the presence of GnRH; (3) steroids exert inhibitory feedback on gonadotrophin secretion that is mediated at some cellular regulatory locus other than the GnRH-receptor complex.

Evidence for a pituitary site of gonadal steroid stimulation of GnRH receptors in female mice