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Little is known about the bush squirrel, Paraxerus cepapi cepapi, which occurs in southern Africa in the northern part of the Transvaal Province, South Africa, southern Botswana and the southern part of Rhodesia. During a 2-year study of the life history of the subspecies near Naboomspruit 28\s=deg\47'E,24\s=deg\35'S),Transvaal, it was found that the animals are territorial, nest in holes in trees in family groups of 2\p=n-\12(mean = 5), are mainly vegetarian (flowers, fruit, seeds) but also feed on insects, and that they breed seasonally with a mean litter size of 2 (Viljoen, 1975a). A distinct 'oestrous vocalization', which attracts males from adjoining territories to take part in the mating chase, is given by females during the period ofmating activity which lasts for 5\p=n-\6h from sunrise to midday. Observations on the synchronizing effect of this call on oestrus are reported in this paper, together with other details of the reproduction of the animals. Thirty squirrels were marked (toe-clipped and fur dyed) and observed in their natural habitat throughout 1973 and 1974, while data on gestation period andmating behaviour were obtained from 6 captive animals caged as 3 pairs close to each other. In addition, the ovaries of 37 animals collected throughout 1973 (Viljoen, 1975a) were fixed in Bouin's fluid and, after routine paraffin-wax embed¬ ding, sectioned serially at 5 pm. Every twentieth section was mounted and stained in Mallory (Gray, 1954). Measurements of the largest follicle in each ovary and of corpora lutea were recorded ac¬ cording to the method of Mossman & Duke (1973), and vesicular follicles were counted throughout each ovary.

Factors affecting breeding synchronization in an African bush squirrel (Paraxerus cepapi cepapi)