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The role of ovarian steroids in the aetiology of cystic endometrial hyperplasia in the bitch has been under discussion for some time. Earlier workers thought that this condition was due to abnormal oestrogen production (Hetzel, 1935; Bloom, 1954; Schulze, 1955). Teunissen (1952) and Dow (1959), however, produced evidence suggesting that prolonged high levels of progesterone were the cause ofcystic endometrial hyperplasia in the bitch. The present work reports the changes in total unconjugated oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in the peripheral blood of bitches subjected to serial biopsies, which result in the development of uterine lesions without hormone treatment (Hadley, 1975a), and the effect of hysterectomy on the levels of these steroids. One multiparous beagle, Bitch A, and two nulliparous mongrels, Bitches F and J, were used in this study. The animals were examined daily for signs of vulval swelling or bleeding, and each bitch was tested daily with a male dog from the first day of pro-oestrus until the end of oestrus. Vaginal smears were prepared daily from Day 1 of pro-oestrus until 2 to 4 days after the end of acceptance of the male. After premedication with promazine (Sparine : John Wyeth & Brother Ltd, Havant) and the induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone (Pentothal: Abbott Laboratories Ltd, Queenborough), uterine biopsies

THE EFFECT OF SERIAL UTERINE BIOPSIES AND HYSTERECTOMY ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEVELS OF TOTAL UNCONJUGATED OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE IN THE BITCH