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The contraceptive action (time and site) of the copper intrauterine device (IUD) was studied in the rat. IUDs were inserted 2-3 weeks before mating and were removed on Day 1 of pregnancy. The animals were sacrificed on Day 10 and the mean number of implantation sites in the IUD horn was compared with that in the control horn. Fertilization was not affected by the IUD. The later device was removed during the afternoon and evening of Day 4 of pregnancy the fewer embryos survived. Implantation was completely suppressed by the presence of the IUD during the first few hours of embryonic life. When the pseudopregnant uterus was exposed to the IUD the decidual response to traumatization was not affected. It was concluded that the copper IUD causes an embryotoxic environment which causes the death of the embryos prior to any noticeable effect on the endometrium. It is likely that death occurs between the morula and blastocyst stages when the embryo becomes sensitive to toxins.

THE CONTRACEPTIVE ACTION OF THE COPPER IUD IN THE RAT