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The effect of an IUD on sperm transport and uterine contraction was studied in sheep and rabbits using plastic spirals made of polyethylene rods (ewes) or plastic spirals made of polyethylene tubing (rabbits) inserted through a uterine incision. In control horns sham operations were performed. Experiments were performed on ewes and rabbits for 2 years and 8 weeks respectively after insertion. In Experiment 1 8 IUD ewes were mated 3-5 times on Day 1 of estrus; with a hemocytometer spermatozoa were counted and compared in number with those from control ewes. Sperm transport into the horns and oviducts was found effectively inhibited in the IUD ewes (p < .01). In Experiment 2 22 estrous rabbits with 1 horn fitted with IUD were either mated naturally (3) or artificially inseminated with 1/4 (5) 1/8 (7) or 1/16 of an ejaculate. No effect of the IUD was seen for the total group; moreover no significant differences in sperm transport or ovum fertilization were found between the 2 rabbit groups. In Experiment 3 uterine contractions were observed (ewes) or filmed (rabbits) on Day 1 of estrus in control (6) 1-horn-IUD (6) and 2-horn-IUD (4) ewes and in control (5) 1-horn-IUD (5) and 2-horn-IUD (5) rabbits. In control ewes most uterine contractions were moving from the uterine body to the oviducts; in IUD ewes most were moving from the anterior portion of the horms toward the cervix. In 1-horn-IUD ewes both horns reacted similarly. Among the rabbits the presence of an IUD in 1 or both horns had no effect on uterine contractions. Seemingly an IUD inhibits sperm transport and ovum fertilization in ewes through a reversal of uterine contractions.

EFFECT OF AN INTRAUTERINE DEVICE ON SPERM TRANSPORT AND UTERINE MOTILITY IN SHEEP AND RABBITS