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It is well known that in many mammalian species, including the sheep (Sun- daram & Stob, 1967), unilateral ovariectomy leads to compensatory hyper- trophy in the remaining ovary and an ovulation rate equal to that of the two ovaries in the control animals (Parkes, 1966). However, it has not been con- clusively established that analogous compensatory changes occur in the remaining testis following unilateral orchidectomy. Although it has been shown in the hemicastrated adult rat that the remaining testis enlarges (Grant, 1957) and the epididymal sperm reserve increases to that of the two epidi- dymides in the intact animals (Smelser, 1933), observations on the hemi- castrated rabbit (Edwards, 1940) and other species (see Parkes, 1966) are conflicting. Previous studies were limited because of the lack of a technique for accurately assessing production of spermatozoa and fluid by the testis. Such a technique has recently been developed for the conscious ram (Voglmayr, Scott, Setchell & Waites, 1967) and has now been used to assess the function of the testis remaining after unilateral orchidectomy. Nine Merino rams (3 to 5 years old, weighing 48 to 66 kg) were kept for 4 weeks before and during the experimental period in a controlled environment (21\s=deg\C, 12 hr of light/day) and were maintained at constant body weight. In four rams one of the two testes was cannulated, allowing the collection of rete testis fluid and spermatozoa for a period of between 11 and 32 days (Voglmayr et al., 1967). The cannulated testes were then removed and, at the same time, the testis remaining in one of these rams (`hemicastrates') was cannulated and the collection of testicular secretion was continued uninterruptedly for a further 120 days. In the other three hemicastrates, the remaining testis was cannulated 100 days post-operatively and testicular secretion was collected over the following 20 days. At the same time, collections of spermatozoa and rete testis fluid were made from one testis of each of five entire, control animals. The testes were weighed after excision and portions of testis tissue were fixed in Susa and stained with Alcian blue Feulgen. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules was measured as described by Hay, Lindner & Mann (1961). By 120 days after hemicastration, the weight of the remaining testis had

COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY IN THE REMAINING TESTIS FOLLOWING UNILATERAL ORCHIDECTOMY IN THE ADULT RAM