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Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system and displays a variety of histological patterns. The understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and the identification of molecular markers which will be used for diagnosis and prognosis is of high clinical significance. The most common molecular alterations include BRAF and RAS point mutations and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements. The present study investigated the association of BRAF and RAS mutations with thyroid cancer in a representative sample of the Greek population. The study included 65 patients: 54 with Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC), 7 with Follicular, 3 with Medullary and 1 with Low Differentiation Thyroid Cancer. Following the isolation of genomic DNA from tissue biopsies a) realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and b) PCR and sequencing were used for the identification of mutations in codon 600 of the BRAF gene and in codons 12, 13 and 61 of the HRAS, KRAS and NRAS genes.

Analysis of BRAF and RAS genetic alterations in thyroid cancer in the Greek population