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Apoptosis is a joint pathogenic process underlying autoimmune thyroid disease. Increased programmed cell death in thyrocytes causes hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, whereas in Graves' disease infiltrating lymphocytes undergo apoptosis while thyrocytes appear to proliferate under protection of anti-apoptotic signals. The Fas/Fas ligand cascade represents a major pathway initiating apoptosis. Its role in autoimmunity is well studied and genetic polymorphisms in gene loci of Fas and its ligand have been shown to be associated with autoimmune diseases.

No association of two Fas gene polymorphisms with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease