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Conclusions The regulation of bone remodeling by adipocyte derived hormones implies that bone may exert a feedback control of energy homeostasis. Furthermore, the regulation of bone mass accrual by the gonads suggests that bone in turn in its endocrine capacity may affect the reproductive functions in one or both genders.  Osteocalcin. Besides its role in bone metabolism, in its uncarboxylated form, osteocalcin acts as an hormone that links bone to other regulators of glucose homeostasis including leptin and insulin and reproduction (1, 2). The Gprc6a gene encoding for the osteocalcin receptor is expressed in testis but not in ovary, indicating that the action of osteocalcin on reproductive maturation is gender dependent. Nevertheless, (Ocn)−/− mice have low circulating testosterone levels despite an increase in circulating luteinizing hormone (LH), the major regulator of testosterone production (2). An emerging role of the osteocalcin has been recently also proposed in CNS (3).  The neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)/Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). NGF plays a role in reproduction being the “Ovulation Inducing Factor” (OIF) eliciting the surge of LH in the female (4). NGF may be implicated in the high LH levels of the Ocn−/− mice. Moreover, NGF genes are expressed in various osteoblastic cell lines, implicating a direct effect of NGF on bone (5). Last, NGF is produced by adipose tissue and stimulates leptin production (6). BDNF is implicated in energy and bone metabolism (7) while Brain-targeted BDNF conditional knockout mice (Bdnf(2lox/2lox)/93) show high bone mass and are a metabolic phenocopy of the leptin deficient ob/ob mice, but independent of adrenaline and serotonin (7).  Oxytocin (Oxt). Oxt is involved in several functions including food intake and bone turnover (8, 9).  The aim of this study is to better understand the role of NGF in bone, fat and reproductive organs and the possible gene interactions between NGF/BDNF, Osteocalcin and Oxt. Rational

bone abstracts

Osteocalcin interacts with brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor but not oxytocin in the regulation of bone, energy, brain and reproductive functions