English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Electrofus on is a reliable method of inducing cell to cell fusion. It can be used for a variety of purposes, including nuclear transfer for the production of identical progeny and hybridoma production for monoclonal antibody production. Electrofusion involves the combination of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) pulses to induce membrane fusion. An AC pulse induces cell alignment and dielectrophoresis, which causes tight membrane contact (Mahaworasilpa et al., 1994). The DC pulse results in point membrane fusion and the formation of an unstable flat membrane diaphragm, where spectrin holds lipid fragments together. Although cytoplasm can move between the cells through the pores of a flat membrane diaphragm, large organelles such as mitochondria and nuclei remain contained in the original cell. Under favourable conditions, the flat diaphragm deteriorates to allow cell mixing, indicating true cell to cell fusion (Chernomordik and Sowers, 1991). Electrical parameters for successful electrofusion rely on the amplitude and duration of the DC pulse. Cell mixing occurs when these parameters are of sufficient magnitude to prevent the flat diaphragm from reforming the membrane lipid bilayers. Other factors that influence cell mixing are temperature, pH and molecules such as cholesterol and ethylmaleimide (A. Sowers, personal communication). An isofusion contour describes the electrofusion characteristics of a particular cell type and its membranes. A range of DC pulse amplitudes and durations are used to attempt electrofusion of identical cells of equal diameter and of a particular type. The maximum electrofusion result for each pulse duration can be used to construct an isofusion contour. The isofusion contours for different cell types can be compared to predict the optimal electrofusion parameters for fusion between them (Mahaworasilpa, 1992). This study investigated the electrofusion of identical cell types to produce isofusion contours for cells used for nuclear transfer. The cells used were bovine oocytes matured in vitro, oocytes enucleated using two different centrifugation treatments and blastomeres isolated from embryos 3, 4, 5 and 6 days after in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Electrofusion of in vitro produced bovine embryonic cells for the production of isofusion contours for cells used in nuclear transfer