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Recently within the current Lower Austrian beaver population has documented a genetic “spectr” — a haplotype typical only for the West Siberian intraspecific lineage of Castor fiber pohlei (Kropf et al., 2013). The question of how this haplotype of C. f. pohlei exists in the Austrian population more than 3,300 km to the west from the native home range remains unanswered. We are attempting to clarify this situation with nontypical mtDNA, which is inherited only from the maternal line. The beavers from the Konda River belong to the subspecies Castor fiber pohlei Serebrennikov, 1929. This subspecies is well enough studied genetically (Durka et al., 2005; Senn et al., 2014) and are under protection of Red Books of Russia and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (Vasin & Saveljev, 2013). They were transferred westwards from the Urals Mountains twice. The first time — in 1958 (one female kit) and the second time — in 1980 (six animals). Both times the animals were brought to the Voronezh Nature Reserve (nursery). Voronezh did not relocate the “pure” aboriginal West Siberian beavers. Animals from the second (1980) group and their offspring all were lost in 1990– 1991 during hard “Perestroyka” time. However, the female No. 790, which Dr. L.S. Lavrov brought to the Voronezh Nature Reserve on 4 September 1958, lived on the farm long time. The first two years she lived in one enclosure with a North American male and no reproduction occurred. After that she was kept with a melanist male of C. f. osteuropaeus No. 9/60, and they had seven kits between 1963 and 1967. This female died in December 1969 at the age of 11.5 years. The prepared specimen of female 790 is now presented in the museum of the Voronezh Nature Reserve (Fig. 1). The “Siberian genetic trace” in Austrian population of beavers could come only from descendants of the female No. 790. The best candidate is her daughter born in 1964 (No. 11/64). This animal in a group of four pairs was sent on 13 October 1965 to Moscow for “opposite” export. At the end of the summer of 1965 the Voronezh beaver nursery received three specimens of C. canadensis from Denmark and it is possible the eight beavers from Voronezh (including No. 11/64) were sent there. Also, it is not known where two groups of wild East European beavers that were sent to Moscow in September 1967 and 1972 ended up since the archives of Enterprise “ZooOb’edinenie” were lost during the time of Perestroyka.

About possible ways of genes penetration from West Siberian beavers Castor fiber pohlei into Austria