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Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran while this position belongs to cervical cancer in the United States. Based on previous data, 15 million people are diagnosed with cancer, 12 million of whom will die by 2020 (1). As mentioned, cancer is the third main cause of death in Iran with 300 000 people killed annually (2). About 84% of cancers are reported in less developed regions (3). In 2012, cervical cancer was the 11th cause of cancers in women (9.9 per 100 000) and the 9th cause of cancer deaths (8.3 per 100 000) in developed countries (4). In Iran, the prevalence of cervical cancer was 2.17 per 100 000 cases in 2009, ranking 11th among Iranian women’s cancers (2). Cervical cancer treatment has significant side effects on the physical, sexual, and reproductive aspects of women. Most gynecologic cancers occur in women of older ages while cervical cancer engages young women (5). Only 5%-10% of cancers have a genetic origin (6) whereas 90%95% of them are due to environmental and lifestyle factors (7). According to the estimations of the World Health Organization (WHO), 70%-80% of the mortality rate in developed countries is due to lifestyle changes and it anticipates that lifestyle changes cause 7 out of 10 deaths in developing countries by 2020 (8). In addition, more than 70% of the illnesses are caused by non-communicable diseases by 2026 in Iran and lifestyle is believed to have a special role in this regard (9). Although the pathogenicity of human papillomavirus (HPV) is proven in cervical cancer, especially HPV 16 and 18, it is insufficient and the lifestyle of women exposed to HPV can facilitate or control the effects of the virus. Sexual transmission is the most common way of virus transmission (10). It is noteworthy that the virus can be early detected and diagnosed through screening programs (11) and changing the lifestyle increases life expectancy in cancer survivors. (12). A limited number of studies have evaluated the lifestyle of gynecologic cancer survivors. (13-15). Increased cigarette smoking is observed in young women with cervical cancer (16). On the other hand, lifestyle is a way to provide, maintain, and improve health (8) thus cancer can be largely prevented by lifestyle modification (17). Today, by moving from a treatment approach to disease prevention, the WHO emphasizes the importance of promoting health and one of its components, namely, changing to a healthy lifestyle (18). A healthy lifestyle controls health costs, increases the quality of life, and reduces the burden Abstract Objectives: Cervical cancer can be prevented by identifying the lifestyle and diet. The purpose of this research was to compare lifestyle and nutritional risk in Iranian women with cervical cancer and healthy women who referred to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 2015-2016. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was conducted on 120 women referring to hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 2015-2016. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that covered data on health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP), diet, and demographic characteristics. Finally, data were analyzed by SPSS software, using an independent t test, as well as chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Statistical differences were observed between the number of delivery, smoking, and the smoking of the spouse although the difference in HPLP between the 2 groups was insignificant. However, healthy women could better manage their stress and interpersonal relations compared to women who had cervical cancer. As regards diet, fat was statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In general, a change in lifestyle, diet, reduced smoking can decrease the incidence of cervical cancer in women.

Lifestyle and Nutritional Risk in Women With Cervical Cancer: A Comparative Study