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The IPV against women is a global issue, which is known as a public health problem violating human rights for several reasons such as serious adverse effects on women’s physical, mental, and reproductive health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 30% of the women experience physical assault or sexual coercion by their sexual partners at least once in their lifetime (1). Moreover, a recent review including 31 studies indicated that the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Iran was estimated to be 66% ranging from 20%-93% in different cities (2). As it is stated, IPV is a major offense committed by the men against their women during the postpartum period, when the mother should pay full attention to taking care of herself and her baby (1). However, most women are subjected to IPV during this period. According to a review, the frequency of IPV against women has been reported to be higher during the first postpartum year than pregnancy in the majority of studies. Besides, a number of women experience IPV for the first time during the postpartum period (3). Female IPV victims are at the risk for a number of diseases including depression, chronic mental illnesses, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, suicide, smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS, physical injuries resulting in amputation, and even death (4-6). Moreover, negative impact of postpartum IPV on children’s health such as increased risk for infant sleep disorders has been previously reported (7). Apart from its devastating physical and psychological effects on women and child health, IPV was believed to cause serious damages to the entire family. Violence was also found to incur enormous cost on countries including the costs of legal services, social support, and health care provision (4). Further complications can be prevented by identifying predictive factors and taking preventive measures for those who are at risk of IPV. Low family income, low level of women’s education, alcohol and drug abuse by women Abstract Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the first post¬partum year and its predictive factors in an urban area of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 398 women with a healthy infant aged 12 months were examined using revised Conflict Tactics Scale (the CTS2) to determine the prevalence of IPV. The data were collected at the public health centers in Tabriz (from October 2015 to April 2016). The predictors were determined using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results: More than half of the women (58%) reported experience of one or more instances of any form of IPV, namely, psychological, physical, sexual, and/or injury and one-third of them reported physical and/or sexual IPV in the first postpartum year. Reported prevalence of each form of IPV were as follows: psychological aggression (54%), physical assault (21%), sexual coercion (21%), and injury (13%). Predictor factors of overall IPV were: woman aged less than 30 years (adjusted odds ratio 2.0 [95% CI: 1.3 to 3.3]), unplanned pregnancy (1.6 [1.03 to 2.6]), husband disappointment about their baby’s gender [1.9 (1.1 to 3.2)], and inability to fully meet the husband’s sexual expectations (1.6 [1.03 to 2.4]). Conclusions: The IPV during postpartum is very common. Therefore, it is recommended to implement IPV screening programs and effective strategies for IPV prevention in the health care settings for newly delivered women emphasizing on the high risk for the women.

Intimate Partner Violence During the First Year After Childbirth in an Urban Area of Iran: Prevalence and its Predictors