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Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is mainly observed in preterm newborn infants. The surfactant production is insufficient in preterm infants that lead to reduced pulmonary compliance, increased surface tension; and increased risk of alveolar collapse (1-3). Surfactant replacement therapy and respiratory support are the corn stones for RDS treatment (4). Two main types of surfactant are natural and synthetic. Natural surfactants, which are animal derived, have been considered superior to synthetic types (5-7). Numerous trials have compared the efficacy of various natural surfactants including Beractant, Curosurf and Calfactant (8-12). Poractant Alfa (Curosurf) is derived from minced porcine lungs. Alveofact and Beractant (Survanta) are bovine derived. Trials that compared Curosurf versus Beractant identified no significant difference in outcomes including pneumothorax, and intraventricular hemorrhage (810,12,13), when the same initial dose (100 mg/kg) was administered, but significant reduction in mortality and need for re-dosing has been reported in 200 mg/ kg Curosurf dose (11). While the efficacy of surfactant in the prevention and treatment of RDS has been well documented, the superior type of surfactant is still unknown. In our country Curosurf and Aveofact are more available than other natural surfactants. There is limited studies compared Alveofact and Curosurf in management of RDS in preterm infants. We conducted this study to compare the efficacy of these two types of surfactant with respect to short term outcome in the preterm infants.

Comparing the Efficacy of two Natural Surfactants, Curosurf and Alveofact, in Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants