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The growing environmental crisis has led to an increased focus on public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about a quarter of all human diseases today are due to continuous exposure to environmental pollution. Furthermore, based on the statistics released by WHO, the impact of climate change has caused 160,000 deaths annually, and the rate is predicted to double by 2020 (Mekhilef et al., 2011). Due to the impairment of environmental quality, WHO and partners, such as the United Nations (UN) Environment, are developing ways to promote mutual understanding between humanity and nature. The United Nations Environment Programme reported that the number of environmental laws has increased 38-fold globally since the Stockholm declaration on the human environment in 1972. This includes the Durban Platform and Rio+20, the Kyoto Protocol which has been extended to 2020. Additionally, the Paris Agreement sets to keep global temperature increases below 2.0 degrees, while urging further efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degree Celsius (C). In the year 2017, based on the record released by Climate Action Tracker (CAT), among all the world’s largest and most advanced economies, only two governments recorded to achieve a 1.5C Paris Climate Agreement which is Gambia and Morocco. The US and China are critically insufficient whereas India is on track to a 2.0C level. The formation of regulations, followed by its extension or modification is clearly showing that we are still not ready or have not found any toolkit yet to act globally to address the main “story”. Thus, it is clear that stringent environmental enforcement no longer solves this issue as a whole Mehrabi et al. (2019) projected a revisit on low carbon strategies. Considering this call and the urgency to make people aware of using natural resources sustainably, the burden now has fallen to the corporate level. This paper, therefore, emerged as an important basis to further examine the determinants of environmental performance.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROACTIVITY ON ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: AN EXTENSION OF NATURAL RESOURCE-BASED VIEW THEORY (NRBV)