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The roots of fisheries science on the Atlantic coast of Canada go back to 1898. The primary research agencies were the Fisheries Research Board of Canada and predecessors until the early 1970s and subsequently the federal department responsible for fisheries. Canadian research on Atlantic fisheries expanded substantially after the Second World War, at about the time the International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries was formed, and increased again after the 1977 extension of fisheries jurisdiction, but gradually declined from the 1980s. Initially research was directed at improving and expanding the fisheries through exploring for new resources and by introducing and testing new fishing methods and new processing technologies, but increasingly was directed towards rational exploitation of the fisheries as international fishing effort greatly expanded in the 1960s. By the 1980s, the provision of short-term advice on catch limits occupied a large proportion of science resources. This paper describes these changes with primary reference to groundfish fisheries, which were the most important for much of the period. Les racines des sciences halieutiques sur la cote atlantique du Canada remontent a 1898. Jusqu’au debut des annees 1970, les principaux organismes de recherche etaient le Conseil de recherche sur les pecheries du Canada et ses predecesseurs. Par la suite, le ministere federal responsable des peches a assume ce role. La recherche menee au Canada sur les peches dans l’Atlantique a pris beaucoup d’ampleur apres la Seconde Guerre mondiale, a peu pres au moment ou la Commission internationale pour les pecheries de l’Atlantique Nord‑Ouest a ete creee, et egalement apres l’elargissement du champ de competence du Canada en matiere de peche en 1977, mais elle est en periode de declin graduel depuis les annees 1980. Au debut, la recherche etait axee sur l’amelioration et l’expansion des peches par le biais de l’etude de nouvelles ressources et de l’elaboration et de l’essai de nouvelles methodes de peche et technologies de transformation. Au fil du temps, le point de mire de la recherche est devenu l’exploitation rationnelle des ressources halieutiques, etant donne l’important accroissement de l’effort de peche sur la scene internationale dans les annees 1960. Dans les annees 1980, une bonne part des ressources scientifiques etaient occupees a fournir des conseils a court terme a propos des limites de prises. Le present document decrit ces changements en mettant l’accent sur les peches de poissons de fond, qui etaient les activites les plus importantes pour la majeure partie de cette periode.

A HISTORY OF MARINE FISHERIES SCIENCE IN ATLANTIC CANADA AND ITS ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES