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Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved proteins and have been proven to protect prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in most organisms against external stressors, whether environmental or pathophysiological. This defense mechanism probably depends on the roles of Hsps as molecular chaperones in governing proper protein assembly, folding and transport or as anti -apoptotic regulators of cell death pathways. Recent investigations on human inflammatory diseases indicate that Hsps may be involved in the process of inflammation. In this short review, we describe the general concept of heat shock proteins and inflammation and the new anti-inflammation role of heat shock proteins in various inflammatory diseases such as infection, autoimmune diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiovascular diseases and chemical-induced diseases. The Hsps may act as autoantigens to stimulate the immune system and interact with inflammatory intracellular signaling pathways to regulate the inflammatory response. There are still unanswered questions about the heat shock response that require further investigation. Les proteines de choc thermique (Hsps) sont des proteines hautement conservees qui protegent les cellules de la plupart des organismes procaryotes et eucaryotes contre les facteurs de stress externes, que ceux-ci soient d'origine environnementale ou pathophysiologique. Ce mecanisme de defense est probablement lie au role de molecule chaperonne des Hsps qui interviennent dans I'assemblage, Ie repliement et Ie transport des proteines ou qui agissent comme agents anti-apoptotiques (regulation de la mort cellulaire). Oes recherches recentes sur les maladies inflammatoires humaines indiquent que les Hsps peuvent intervenir dans Ie processus d'inflammation. Dans Ie cadre de ce court resum,e, nous decrivons Ie concept general de proteines de choc thermique et de I'inflammation ainsi que Ie nouveau role anti-inflammatoire des proteines de choc thermique dans diverses maladies inflammatoires telles que les infections, les maladies autoimmunes, les lesions d'ischemie/reperfusion , les maladies cardiovasculaires et les maladies d'origine chimique. Les Hsps peuvent agir it titre d'autoantigimes qui stimulent Ie systeme immunitaire et interviennent dans les voies de signalisation intracellulaire en cas d'inflammation pour reguler la reaction inflamrnatoire. Les questions qui restent toujours sans reponse it propos de la rea ction au choc thermique doivent faire I'objet de recherches plus poussees.

ANTI-INFLAMMATION: FINDING A NEW ROLE FOR HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS IN HUMAN HEALTH