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The micro-polarity and micro-viscosity of liposome membranes were evaluated to develop a platform for the localization of hydrophobic substrates in aqueous solution. The distribution ratios of benzaldoxime (BO) onto the zwitterionic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposome and onto the cationic 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) liposome were almost the same, while those of benzonitrile oxide (BNO) onto DOTAP liposomes were higher than those of BO. Through the analysis of a polarity-sensitive 6-lauroyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene, the membrane surface of the DOTAP liposome was found to be dehydrated in the presence of substrates. Using a fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, we found that the micro-viscosity of the DOTAP liposome membrane increased with BNO. These results indicate that the interaction of hydrophobic substrates induce variations in the microscopic membrane environment.

Partitioning of Hydrophobic Molecules to Liposome Membranes Can Induce Variations in their Micro-Polarity and Micro-Viscosity