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Energy security is an important issue in the calendar of all developed and developing countries. As much as 80 % of the global energy demand is based on fossil fuels1. Man kind does not only face the risk of a global energy crisis, but also suffers from serious environmental disasters caused by extensive use of fossil fuels2. Global warming caused by CO2 emissions from fossil-based fuels also forces national economies to seek environmentally friendly energy alternatives. In this context, hydrogen, which has zero CO2 emission, seems very promising 3–5. Among the alternative hydrogen production technologies, such as thermochemical and electrochemical methods, which are highly energy-intensive processes, hydrogen production via either dark fermentation and/or photo-fermentation seems very advantageous and sustainable. It is well known that the natural environment accommodates various microorganisms capable of producing hydrogen, finally available for higher scale engineering applications6–10. On the other hand, hydrogen production via dark fermentation using a mixed consortium has many advantages over pure cultures, since almost all organic material, especially waste organics, are amenable for this purpose3. Concerning substrates used for hydrogen production in the literature, substrates rich in carbohydrate such as glucose, sucrose, starch and cellulose seem to be the most common. In this study, sucrose was chosen as a reference substrate since it is vastly available (150 million tons)11. Furthermore, our literature survey indicated that suspended cell culture systems, such as CSTR type bioreactors, are the most commonly reported systems for the production of H2, although this reactor configuration has inherent operational problems, such as cell washout, lack of stability and robustness under severe loading conditions, etc.5,12. On the other hand, immobilized bioreactors can achieve higher hydrogen production with smaller reactor volumes,as well as provide a more stable production, which is more resistant to the shock loadings and toxicity2,13,14. In this study, immobilized biohydrogen production using different sizes of support materials (small-size Raschig rings (SSR), large-size Raschig rings (LSR), small-size glass beads (SSG) and large-size glass beads (LSG)) were compared under thermophilic conditions with suspended cell cultures operated with CSTR under identical conditions. Raschig rings and glass beads were chosen as the support matrices because of their good porous structure and homogeneous composition. Apart from the studies available in the literature15, the aim of this study was to test the feasibility of using glass materials of different sizes for hydrogen production under thermophilic conditions at significantly high Enhancement of Biohydrogen Production via Thermophilic Cell Culture Immobilized on Glass Beads and Raschig Rings of Different Sizes in a Packed Bed Reactor

chemical and biochemical engineering quarterly/chemical and biochemical engineering quarterly

Enhancement of Biohydrogen Production via Thermophilic Cell Culture Immobilized on Glass Beads and Raschig Rings of Different Sizes in a Packed Bed Reactor