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Dawning neutron physics was more complex than one might expect. The chancethat the neutron comprised a proton and an electron was diffusely taken intoaccount after the discovery of the neutron. Moreover, uncertainties persistedabout the composition of beryllium radiation until it was realized that thelatter comprised both neutrons and gamma-rays. The interaction of neutrons withmatter and nuclei was soon investigated. Both a spatial symmetry, a symmetry ofcharge, and a symmetry in the nuclear reactions soon emerged. The relation ofnegative beta-decay to the neutron abundance in nuclei was moreover reviewed.Positive beta-radioactivity induced by alpha-particles was eventuallyannounced, having been foreseen some weeks before. Accelerated deutons andprotons shortly afterwards revealed to be efficient in inducing radioactivity.The physics institute in Rome got ready to start research on neutrons, butapparently it only planned to go through alpha-induced radioactivity, at first.If so, it is then plausible that some new results achieved by foreignlaboratories eventually bent Fermi to neutrons. Fermi's discovery ofneutron-induced radioactivity is reviewed with regard to investigations thencurrent, once more showing simplicity as a distinctive trait of Fermi's way ofdoing physics.Comment: 64 pages, 2 figures. Preliminary version of the paper published on  HSP

Neutron physics in the early 1930s