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To evaluate potential interactive effects of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on biomarker responses, groups of the freshwater fi sh crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were exposed to single and binary combinations of copper (Cu) (0.01-0.16 mg L-1) with fl uorene (Fl) or fl uoranthene (Fluo) (2-10 mg kg-1) for 96 h. Dose-dependent increases in the activities of phases I and II metabolic enzymes [7-ethoxyresorufi n O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), respectively] were observed in fi sh liver exposed to Fl and Fluo, but these enzyme activities did not differ signifi cantly from the controls when co-treated with higher concentrations of Cu, suggesting an inhibiting interaction on the metabolic enzymes. Although Cu did not alter catalase (CAT) activity, CAT activity was decreased in fi sh liver exposed to the two PAHs alone or in combination with Cu. Although metallothionein (MT) content in gills was signifi cantly increased following exposure to Cu alone or in combination with Fl and Fluo, the induction folds of MT decreased under co-exposure. Co-exposures to these chemicals invoked complex biomarker responses in fi sh liver and gills. These results highlight the need for careful consideration of the interactive effects of multiple environmental stressors on fi sh.

Interactive Effects of Copper, Fluorene, and Fluoranthene on Enzymatic Biomarkers and Metallothionein Levels in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus)