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This study proposes an integrated method that simulates and optimizes groundwater design and management in combination with goal programming, which establishes the equilibrium between technical and environmental constraints in a pump-and-treat system. This method is applied to a petroleum-contaminated site in Western Canada to identify optimal remediation strategies given a set of remediation scenarios. The significant influential factors are remediation duration, standard concentration levels, and total pumping rate. Results indicate that goal programming can greatly enhance the remediation effect under low contaminant concentrations. In the pump-and-treat system, wells I2, E1, and E3 are the dominant components, whereas wells M7 and M5 are sensitive to variations in the identified influential factors. These wells must therefore be monitored intentionally. Moreover, these factors influence one another in interaction. Thus, high total pumping rates do not always generate favorable outcomes, and a long remediation period is unnecessary. In conclusion, the three identified factors should be spontaneously considered in the general goal-programming framework.

A Simulation-Based Nonlinear Goal Programming Model for Groundwater Remediation Systems Design