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Genetic variation was studied in 20 local and imported samples of bell pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.), which collected from Iraqi local markets by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker. Three selective primer combinations were used in all samples. The first selective primer combination (EACG/MAGG) produced 4 bands for the studied bell pepper fruits with 3 monomorphic bands in each sample, except the orange and yellow Jordanian bell pepper samples, which produced 4 bands one of them polymorphic band with 25% ratio and 21.43% primer efficiency with 100% discriminatory power. The second selective primer combination (EAAG/MAAT) produced 4 monomorphic bands in each sample with no polymorphic bands with 28.57% primer efficiency and 0% discriminatory power, whereas the third selective primer combination (EACA/MCTG) produced 7 monomorphic bands in each sample, except the Iraqi/Balad green bell pepper, which produced 3 monomorphic bands with no polymorphic bands and the primer efficiency is 50% with 0% discriminatory power. The results of dendrogram of the studied samples by using Jaccard coefficient for genetic similarity was distributed the samples into 3 main groups. The first group was included the red and orange Jordanian bell pepper fruits samples, whereas the second group included the Iraqi/Balad green bell pepper and the third group included the rest samples. The results of this distribution revealed a high similarity between red and orange Jordanian bell pepper and the other bell pepper samples, except Iraqi/Balad green bell pepper with 0.94 values. This value is the higher, whereas the similarity with the Iraqi/Balad green bell pepper is 0.68 values. The genetic distance between studied samples revealed the highest values between red and orange Jordanian bell pepper and the Iraqi/Balad green bell pepper with 2.236 values.

Genetic Variation in Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) Collected from Iraqi Local Markets by Using AFLP Marker