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Six new structure refinements and eleven sets of polarised, single-crystal electronic absorption spectra,  E ‖ X ,  Y  and  Z , in the energy range 35000–5000 cm –1  were obtained on natural and synthetic orthozoisite-type “thulites” and clinozoisite-type piemontites: Ca 2 (Al 3–p M p  3+ ) [OH|O|SiO 4 |Si 2 O 7 ] where M 3+  = Mn 3+  or (Mn 1–n  3+ Fe n  3+ ) for the synthetic or natural minerals, respectively. Electron microprobe analyses of the single crystals studied revealed substitutional degrees p M3+  = 0.13 or 0.51 in natural and synthetic “thulite”, respectively, and 0.57 ≤ p M3+  ≤ 1.17 or 0.83 ≤ p M3+  ≤ 1.47 in the natural or synthetic piemontites, respectively.

zeitschrift für kristallographie - crystalline materials

The crystal chemistry of Mn 3+  in the clino- and orthozoisite structure types, Ca 2 M 3  3+ [OH|O|SiO 4 |Si 2 O 7 ]: A structural and spectroscopic study of some natural piemontites and “thulites” and their synthetic equivalents