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The crystal and molecular structure of ammonium citrate dihydrate [(NH 4 ) + Bi(C 6 H 4 O 7 ) − ] · 2H 2 O has been established by means of X-ray diffraction on a single crystal using Cu K α  -radiation. The crystals are monoclinic, space group  C 2/ c  with  a  = 1680.5(2),  b  = 1254.4(3),  c  = 1040.1(2) pm,  β  = 91.27(2)°,  Z  = 8. The structure was solved by the Patterson method, and was refined by least-squares techniques yielding final  R ( R W  ) values of 0.042 (0.034) based upon 1855 reflections. The citrate acts as a chelating and as a bridging ligand, thus forming a three-dimensional network with carboxy groups coordinating to bismuth in a mono- as well as a bidentate manner. The essential structural characteristics is the anion [(Bi – O – C 6 H 4 O 6 ) − ] that strikingly contains a  four -basic citrate the hydroxy oxygen atom of which is covalently bonded to bismuth. Two water molecules and the ammonium ion are located in channels parallel to the  z -axis.

The crystal and molecular structure of the ammonium bismuth citrate dihydrate [(NH 4 ) + Bi(C 6 H 4 O 7 ) − ] · 2H 2 O*