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The present paper gives an historical account of agent noun formations in  ‑mon‑  in Old and Middle Irish, based on the Proto-Indo-European prehistory of this suffix. The patterning of agent nouns in ‑ mon ‑ in Irish points to a polysemy already inherited from the originally adjectival Proto-Indo-European derivates denoting affiliation. This is supported also by polysemous nominalizations in Ancient Greek. Formations in ‑ mon ‑, originally deverbal in Proto-Indo-European, came to be formally enlarged and functionally reinterpreted in Early Celtic, thus leading to the polysemy in Irish, with both deverbal and denominal ‑ mon ‑formations designating professions, occupations and functions as well as instruments and even animals.

Agent noun polysemy in Celtic: the suffix *‑ mon ‑ in Old and Middle Irish and its Proto-Indo-European origins