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The distribution of  210 Po and  210 Pb in various particle-size fractions in Finnish groundwater was studied at five private homes. Each site had water treatment equipment comprising either an ion exchange unit or a granular activated carbon filter. Samples of both raw and treated water were filtered using pore sizes ranging from 450 nm to 100 kDa and the activity concentration of  210 Po and  210 Pb in the filtrate was determined. In untreated groundwater 86% of  210 Pb, on average, was found in the large particle fraction (&gt;450 nm). However, in Fe- and Mn-rich water with a high Fe/Mn ratio and in organic-rich water, the majority of  210 Pb was found in either the intermediate particle (100 kDa–450 nm) or small particle (&lt;100 kDa) fractions. Compared to  210 Pb,  210 Po was bound more to the intermediate and small particle fraction. After water treatment,  210 Pb was found most frequently in the large particle fraction. The size distribution of particle-bound  210 Po was not as clear as that for  210 Pb, and in treated water,  210 Po was more evenly distributed among fractions. The ion exchange unit removed  210 Pb and  210 Po bound to the intermediate or small particle fraction, whereas the efficiency of the activated carbon filters in removing  210 Pb and  210 Po was independent of the particle size.

The effect of water treatment on the presence of particle-bound 210 Po and 210 Pb in groundwater