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Fungi have up to now generally been used as bioindicators of radiocaesium in terrestrial ecosystems. However there is little knowledge about the behaviour of other man-made radionuclides. In the present work, we analyzed the soil-to-fungi transfer of  90 Sr,  239+240 Pu, and  241 Am by collecting several species of fungi and the corresponding surface soil (0−5 cm) of a selected semi-natural ecosystem. The transfer of these radionuclides was then quantified by means of the traditional transfer factor, TF, defined as the ratio between the content in the fruiting bodies and in the total fraction of soil. As a general rule, the  90 Sr TF values were higher than those of  239+240 Pu and  241 Am. This definition of the transfer factor can underestimate the transfer of radionuclides of which a large percentage are bound to soil particles. We therefore also used a definition based on the amount of radionuclide available to be transferred instead of the total content of the soil — the available transfer factor, ATF — which would be closer to the actual process of transfer.  Hebeloma cylindrosporum  and  Lycoperdon perlatum  presented  239+240 Pu and  241 Am ATF values that were greater than or similar to those of  90 Sr. These species may thus be used as bioindicators for  239+240 Pu and  241 Am in a forest ecosystem.

Soil-to-fungi transfer of 90 Sr, 239+240 Pu, and 241 Am