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The surface sorption process of Eu(III) onto smectite and kaolinite was investigated by time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in the trace concentration range. The experiments were performed in 0.025 M and 0.45 M NaClO 4 . The sorption process of Eu(III) onto smectite was obtained by TRLFS under atmospheric conditions and in absence of CO 2 . The pH was varied between 3.5 and 9 at a fixed metal ion concentration of 3.3 × 10 −6  mol/L Eu(III). At low pH (&lt; 4) the metal ion keeps its complete hydration sphere indicating outer-sphere complexation. With increasing pH the formation of an inner-sphere Eu(III) surface complex was observed. The differences in the spectra and the fluorescence emission lifetimes of the surface sorbed Eu(III) in presence and absence of carbonate indicate the formation of ternary clay/Eu(III)/carbonate complexes. The different europium/clay surface complexes were characterized by their fluorescence emission spectra ( 5  D  0  →  7  F  1 / 5  D  0  →  7  F  2  intensity ratio) and their fluorescence emission lifetime.

Inner-sphere, outer-sphere and ternary surface complexes: a TRLFS study of the sorption process of Eu(III) onto smectite and kaolinite