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In several systems, including some well studied invertebrate “model” preparations, rapid, rhythmic inputs drive slow muscles. In this situation muscle contractions can summate temporally between motor neuron bursts, tonically contract, and low-pass filter broad-band input. We have investigated how the muscles innervated by each motor neuron type of the rapid, rhythmic (cycle period, ∼1 sec) lobster pyloric network respond when driven by previously recorded in vitro pyloric network activity from intact stomatogastric nervous systems. Under these conditions the much slower gastric mill and cardiac sac networks of the stomatogastric nervous system are also active and modify pyloric activity. All of the muscles show pyloric timed phasic contractions that ride on a sustained tonic contraction; muscle activity can range from being almost completely phasic to almost completely tonic. The modifications of pyloric neuron activity induced by gastric mill (cycle period, ∼10 sec) activity result in some pyloric muscles showing prominent, gastric mill-timed, changes in either phasic or tonic contraction amplitude. The strong modification of pyloric neuron activity induced by cardiac sac (cycle period, ∼60 sec) activity alters the contractions of all pyloric muscles. These changes are sufficient that for some muscles, in some preparations, the primary muscle output is cardiac sac-timed. This is the first work to examine the motor responses of all pyloric muscle classes to spontaneous stomatogastric activity and shows that the pyloric motor pattern is a complex combination of the activities of three neural networks, although only one (the pyloric) innervates the muscles.

Lobster (Panulirus interruptus) Pyloric Muscles Express the Motor Patterns of Three Neural Networks, Only One of Which Innervates the Muscles