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The purpose of the present study was to examine whether neurons in the caudolateral part of the intraparietal sulcus (area CIP), a part of the posterior parietal cortex, contribute to short-term memory and perceptual decision of three-dimensional (3D) surface orientation, in addition to its purely visual nature of responding selectively to 3D surface orientation. Activities of CIP neurons were recorded while monkeys performed a modified delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) task using stereoscopic stimuli. Seventy-seven neurons were examined with a routine of the DMTS task, and 94% (72 of 77) of them showed selectivity to surface orientation. Furthermore, 82% (63 of 77) of the examined neurons showed sustained activity during delay, and 60% (38 of 63) of them showed selective delay activity depending on the sample stimulus, suggesting that they contribute to short-term memory of 3D visual features. On the other hand, 53% (41 of 77) of the examined neurons showed modulation of visual response depending on whether a stimulus appeared as a sample, match, or nonmatch stimulus (contextual modulation). The majority (73%, 30 of 41) of these neurons with contextual modulation showed activity change depending on whether the test stimuli did or did not match the sample stimuli (match–nonmatch modulation), suggesting their involvement in matching, or perceptual decision, concerning 3D visual features. These findings suggest that CIP neurons play important roles not only in the perception of 3D visual features but also in cognitive functions such as short-term memory and perceptual decision of 3D visual information.

Short-Term Memory and Perceptual Decision for Three-Dimensional Visual Features in the Caudal Intraparietal Sulcus (Area CIP)