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In an attempt to elucidate the pathological implications of intracellular accumulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in postmitotic neurons in vivo, we transferred APP695 cDNA into rat hippocampal neurons by using a replication-defective adenovirus vector. We first improved the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into neurons in vivoby using hypertonic mannitol. When a β-galactosidase-expressing recombinant adenovirus suspended in 1 m mannitol was injected into a dorsal hippocampal region, a number of neurons in remote areas were positively stained, presumably owing to increased retrograde transport of the virus. When an APP695-expressing adenovirus was injected into the same site, part of the infected neurons in the hippocampal formation underwent severe degeneration in a few days, whereas astrocytes near the injection site showed no apparent degeneration. These degenerating neurons accumulated different epitopes of APP, and β/A4 protein (Aβ)-immunoreactive materials were undetected in the extracellular space. A small number of degenerating neurons showed nuclear DNA fragmentation. Electron microscopic examinations demonstrated that degenerating neurons had shrunken perikarya along with synaptic abnormalities. Microglial cells/macrophages were often found in close proximity to degenerating neurons, and in some cases they phagocytosed these neurons. These results suggest that intracellular accumulation of wild-type APP695 causes a specific type of neuronal degeneration in vivoin the absence of extracellular Aβ deposition.

the journal of neuroscience/the journal of neuroscience

Degeneration<i>In Vivo</i>of Rat Hippocampal Neurons by Wild-Type Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein Overexpressed by Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer

DegenerationIn Vivoof Rat Hippocampal Neurons by Wild-Type Alzheimer Amyloid Precursor Protein Overexpressed by Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer