English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In vitro ischemia models have utilized oxygen, or oxygen and glucose deprivation to simulate ischemic neuronal injury. Combined oxygen and glucose deprivation can induce neuronal damage which is in part mediated through NMDA receptors. Severe oxygen deprivation alone however can cause neuronal injury which is not NMDA mediated. We tested the hypothesis that NMDA, or non-NMDA receptor mediated mechanisms may predominate, to induce neuronal injury following severe oxygen deprivation depending on the presence of glucose. We found that NMDA receptor blockade using dizocilpine (MK-801), DL-2-amino-5- phosphonovaleric acid (APV), or CGS 19755, was highly effective in reducing CA1 injury in organotypic hippocampal cultures, caused by complete oxygen and glucose deprivation. Complete oxygen deprivation alone however, caused CA1 neuronal injury which was not diminished using NMDA receptor blockade alone with MK-801 or APV, or in combination with AMPA/kainate receptor blockade using 6-cyano-7- dinitroquinoxalone-2,3-dione (CNQX). Neuronal protective strategies which act primarily through non-glutamate dependent mechanisms, including hypothermia, low chloride and calcium, and the free radical scavenger, alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), provided neuronal protection against complete oxygen, as well as combined oxygen/glucose deprivation. Raising the pH using Hepes buffer during complete oxygen deprivation did not result in neuronal protection by NMDA receptor blockade. Partial oxygen deprivation alone, partial oxygen deprivation combined with glucose deprivation, glucose deprivation alone, and also glutamate exposure, all produced neuronal damage that was reduced by NMDA receptor blockade. The presence of glucose during complete oxygen deprivation appears to prevent glutamate receptor blockade from reducing neuronal injury in organotypic hippocampal cultures.

Glutamate and non-glutamate receptor mediated toxicity caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures