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Unilateral infusion of MPTP into the monkey caudate nucleus produced deficits in task-specific saccades, in addition to the deficits in spontaneous eye movements (preceding article). We trained three monkeys to perform two kinds of saccade tasks: (1) saccade task for eliciting visually guided saccades and (2) delayed saccade task for eliciting memory-guided saccades. After the MPTP infusion, dopaminergic function, estimated by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, was shown to be decreased locally around the infusion site at the head-body junction of the caudate. We found that the deficits were prominent in the saccades directed to the side contralateral to the infusion (contralateral saccades). Memory-guided saccades were sometimes misdirected to the ipsilateral side even when the cue stimulus was presented on the contralateral side. Among the parameters of saccades, a selective change was found in the saccade latency: the latency was prolonged consistently in contralateral memory-guided saccades. The amplitude and velocity of saccades decreased in contralateral saccades, either memory guided or visually guided. The duration of saccades tended to increase in visually-guided saccades and memory-guided saccades, in both directions. Only one monkey, in which the decrease in TH activity included a large part of the putamen and the head of the caudate, showed prolongation of manual reaction time for lever release.

Eye movements in monkeys with local dopamine depletion in the caudate nucleus. II. Deficits in voluntary saccades