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The ultrafine-grained materials processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) can be tailored to achieve superior properties and performances. Recently, the SPD methods, emerging as an effective way to grain refinement, have become attractive for fabrication of the ultrafine-grained biomedical materials, which can be adjusted to possess both favorable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Biomedical titanium alloys have become one of the most promising biomedical metallic materials, due to their high strength, low density, good biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance. Compared with traditional titanium alloys, the ultrafine-grained biomedical titanium alloys possess higher strength, better corrosion resistance and fatigue performance. Moreover, the ultrafine-grained biomedical titanium alloys, which are usually used for orthopedic and dental implants, can induce in-growth of bone tissues, increase the interfacial strength and accelerate the repair process. This review examines recent developments related to fabricating ultrafine-grained titanium and biomedical titanium alloys by various kinds of SPD methods, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), high pressure torsion (HPT), accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and friction stir processing (FSP). More specifically, the mechanical properties and performances of biomedical titanium alloys processed by ECAP, HPT, ARB and FSP have been investigated. It can be expected that in the near future, these techniques will be utilized as methods for continuous productions of the UFG biomaterials in large scale industrial applications.

The Ultrafine-Grained Titanium and Biomedical Titanium Alloys Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD)