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The most important ingredient of the human body includes water. Water consists 60-65% of an adult’s body mass, 55% or less for women, while it reaches values of close to 75% in infants. A proper hydration state is a must for general health, yet it is even more important for individuals that exercise on a regular basis, and especially for competitive athletes submitted to extreme loads, often under extreme environmental conditions [1]. Intra and extra cellular water is responsible for numerous functions in our bodies. Water allows for homeostasis, it facilitates most biochemical reactions, it allows numerous particles and compounds to dilute; it helps in the transport of metabolites and speeds up the utilization of by–products. Water plays a major role in thermoregulation; it nourishes and moisturizes tissues and organs. Effective hydration determines proper functioning of the whole body, at rest and especially during and after exercise. During exercise heat is produced by the muscles and other organs and it must be eliminated, not to cause hyperthermia. Excess heat produced during exercise has to be removed, and it is mostly accomplished through sweating, what causes significant water loss. Reducing water volume by 2% or more doing exercise has significant consequences on functions of particular organs and the whole body. Dehydration can decrease aerobic capacity, it can increase blood pressure, cause headaches, decrease concentration and speed of reaction, and may also influence cognitive abilities in sport disciplines that require tactical thinking and decision making [2]. Some studies indicate that even a minor hypohydration of 2% influences a variety of cognitive functions such as vigilance, alertness, perceptual discrimination, arithmetic ability, visuomotor tracking and psychomotor skills significant in many sport disciplines and everyday life activities [3, 2].

The Effectiveness of Alkaline Water in Hydrating Athletes