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[5] Reported a PSC structure without a whole conductor in their devices, and a PCE of12.8% was obtained in their study [3]. The perovskite solar cell is constructed by using the mesoporous layers of TiO2 and ZrO2 which are deposited on FTO covered glass substrate, and the cell structure does not require a hole conducting layer. The stability of this type of PSCs is more than 1000 h in ambient air under full sunlight. This is the first report about the PSC stability under full sunlight. The big achievement is attributed to the ZrO2 since the devices without ZrO2 structure were also investigated in their work. ZrO2 can block the flow of photo generated electrons to the back contact preventing recombination with the holes from the perovskite at the back contact leading to high PCE. Figure 2B shows another type of PSCs without Spiro-OMeTAD. In this structure, PEDOT: PSS was used as HTM; PCBM extracts electrons from perovskite solar cells. This structure is derived from organic solar cells, which usually have poor stability. However, recently [4] reported a PCE of 12.52% with this structure and optimized the stability by two-dimensional ruddles den-popper structure (Figure 2B) [4]. The stability was increased to 2250 h under constant, standard illumination. [5] Tried several of HTMs by the traditional PSC structure, where TiO2 was used as electron transport layer [5]. Table 1C shows the photovoltaic performance of PSCs based on different HTMs [5]. It can be seen that the efficiency of TTF based devices is compared with that of Spiro-OMeTAD, while P3HT based PSCs is not as good as Spiro-OMeTAD. The efficiency of TTF based PSCs decreased to 9% from 10% under ambient atmosphere, compared to 1% for Spiro-OMeTAD based devices.

Review of Recent Progress of Perovskite Solar Cells Without Spiro-OMeTAD