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Materials with photonic band gaps (photonic crystals), i. e. materials with a periodic (of the order of the light wavelength) change in the dielectric constant, are currently the subject of extensive theoretical and experimental research. Photonic crystals based on opal matrices (OM) are of interest for practical application. OMs are made up of well ordered closely packed silica nanospheres (amorphous SiO2) of the same diameter [1, 2]. The packing of spheres contains a 3D system of interconnecting octahedral and tetrahedral inter-sphere voids, occupying approximately 26% of the matrix volume. Depending on the formation conditions, the diameter of the spheres varies within the preassigned limits from 200 to 700 nm [2—5]. Having the formation parameters fixed, the variation in diameter does not exceed 1.5%. OMs and OM-based nanocomposites (OMs with intersphere voids filled with various substances) are used to create devices operating in the optical, microwave and THz ranges [3, 6]. OMs may serve as functional environments both for the generation of X-rays or acoustic waves, and for signal conversion in controlling devices [7, 8]. One may hope that the emergence of new designs using such materials will allow creating electronic devices with improved performance characteristics. The greatest interest is aroused by the application of OMs in an unexplored area of the X-ray generation by exposing the substance to laser radiation [7, 9]. Solving the problem of increasing the technical and technological characteristics of X-ray sources by creating fundamentally new designs can lead to the development of subminiature The paper presents the structure and preparation conditions of opal matrices (ordered 3D-lattice packing of X-ray amorphous SiO2 spheres with a diameter of ≈250 nm), as well as experimental data on nonlinear optical effects in opal matrices with pulsed laser excitation at wavelengths: 1040 nm, 510 nm in conjunction with 578 nm, and 366 nm. The authors investigate the energy spectra of X-ray radiation induced in the samples by laser irradiation.

X-ray radiation during pulsed laser treatment of opal matrices