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In the fields of sports and health sciences, changes in body shape are one of the most important parameters in order to evaluate the effects of physical training and /or routine workout performed. Until now, these parameters were typically measured under manually skilled techniques in anthropometry. In recent years, Whole body measurement system for humans (that is called “Bodyline Scanner”, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan) which has functions such as a high speed measurement and high resolutions are required by many industrial and academic areas such as apparel and digital technology. The purposes of present study were to develop 3D anthropometry by optical triangle method using laser beam system and to determine feasibility of the measurements such as lengths, circumferences, body surface area (BSA) and body/segment volumes with comparing to other conventional methods. Newly developed Bodyline scanner (BLS) as shown in Fig.1 was capable of digitizing whole body shape as three dimensional coordinates in the order of 2.5mm intervals in space (normal adult body shape put in ~500,000 points). The principle of the measuring method was optical triangle measurement, in which light source was using a laser diode. The color information was used to detect the position of land mark seals which was pasted on the skin according to the anatomical basis in human anthropometry. Six moving scanner heads and intelligent vision camera systems were enable to reduce the area which can not measure those positions such armpit and crotch, and to reduce whole body scanning time up to ten seconds. Measuring height was as much as 2300 mm which enable to scan whole body from children to such one as Olympic basketball athletes. 3D polygon data reconstructed after digitizing each point was used for the measurement of anthropometry such as lengths and circumferences of each limb or trunk, body surface area (BSA) and each segment volumes or whole body volume. Sixty seven males and females aged from 9 to 21yrs were tested in both BLS and manually conventional tape measure methods (TAPE). Differences of lengths and circumferences of the limbs between BLS and TAPE were within 4%. BSA data was almost identical to those estimated from the equation based on body height and weight ( Du Bois, 1916). Whole body volume data obtained from BLS were precisely consistent with those obtained from air displacement methods. Anthropometric data as well as body surface area and body volume measured by using 3D body scanning technologies might be widely prospective for evaluating the differences or changes in body shape in such fields as health and sports sciences.

Applications of 3D Body Scanning Technology to Human Anthropometry: Body Surface Area and Body Volume Measurements in the Fields of Health and Sports Sciences