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The heat and mass transfer between the human body and its surroundings is affected not only by the properties of the fabrics, but also by the shape and the thickness of the air layer between the garment and the human body due to the low conductivity of the stagnant air. Therefore, it is important to accurately determine the thickness of air layers between the body and the garment. The aim of this study was to accurately evaluate the change in the air gap thickness at the lower body for different garment fit (tight, regular and loose) and style (3/1 twill woven trousers and single jersey sweatpants). A standing stationary manikin, the highly accurate 3D body scanning and post-processing method developed in previous studies were used to determine the thickness of the air layers between the body and the garment. The results showed that the regional body sections had the strongest effect on the air layers beneath the garment. The garment fit had stronger effects on the air layers at the legs than the pelvis area due to body geometry and the garment style. This finding is useful for clothing modelling and design, and it implies that the modelling of air layers at the pelvis and the legs is possible, since the observed trends were unambiguous. The results of this study can contribute to an improved design of protective clothing and active sport garments. Furthermore, it will help to improve the simulations of the heat and mass transfer for lower body garments in various fit and design.

Determination of the Air Gap Thickness underneath the Garment for Lower Body Using 3D Body Scanning