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In times, in which democracy and its constitution are often questioned by political actors, it is good, necessary and valid to receive a picture about the state and status of democracy worldwide. The here authored book by David F. J. Campbell, a political scientist, attempts to answer the challenge about the constitution of democracies through formulating the following research question: How to conceptualize and to measure democracy and quality of democracy in a global comparison? In addition, he also reflects upon possible next-step developments of quality of democracy, by referring to democracy as an “innovation enabler”: How does quality of democracy act and play in favor of enabling innovation? (2) David Campbell has been carrying out research on quality of democracy and its conception and measurement now for several years. The reviewed work is therefore also a (substantial) extension of his Habilitation (Higher Doctorate), written for the Department of Political Science at the University of Vienna. These longlasting research activities also strengthened the belief of Campbell that without a measurement it is difficult to envision how concepts and theories of democracy can be developed further. In order to be able to present his own methodical approach in a conclusive way, David Campbell, therefore, devotes himself to a historical assessment and reassessment of previous attempts of democracy measurement. His focus refers to a global view and understanding of democracy, which is also directly reflected in his conception. Through this approach, the author offers a new form of understanding of how democracy should be measured in a meaningful way. Existing examples, such as the “three dimensional“, “four dimensional” or a “quadruple structure” (34) conceptualization of democracy, are extended to a next level of analysis. The two most basic dimensions in these models are always freedom and equality. With regard to discourse, further development of democracy theory and research on democracy and the quality of democracy, David Campbell refers primarily to the following two strands. One connection is with Hans-Joachim Lauth’s three-dimensional approach, where Lauth introduced the following three dimensions: freedom, equality and control (see Lauth, 2004 and 2016, and Lauth and Schlenkrich, 2018). This basic dimensional structure is being embedded into Campbell’s core conceptual framework, but is extended also by other dimensions. The other connection is with Guillermo O’Donnell’s work, particularly his combination of human rights and human development, and their importance for quality of democracy (see O’Donnell, 2004a and 2004b). Campbell describes the work of O’Donnell as a work, in “. . . which a detailed and rich development of theory of democracy, with a focus on quality of democracy, is being combined with practical consequences of democracy measurement.” Campbell (already as far back as in Campbell, 2012) was inspired by O’Donnell to add “sustainable development” to the basic dimensions (portfolio) of democracy measurement of a democracy. In his further-extended conceptual framework of analysis, David Campbell refers to a Quintuple-Dimensional Structure of Democracy and Quality of Democracy (12), and identifies the following basic dimensions to be relevant for an understanding and an analysis of democracy: freedom, equality, control, sustainable development, and self-organization (political self-organization). Government-opposition cycles (political swings) represent Book Review

David F. J. Campbell (2019): Global Quality of Democracy as Innovation Enabler. Measuring Democracy for Success