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Introduction:  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of mortality. Healthy diets can decrease CVDs and other chronic diseases especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigate association between adherence to the modified Nordic diet and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes.  Methods:  This cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 type 2 diabetic patients. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and biochemical tests were evaluated. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. Nordic diet scores were calculated based on median intakes of six food groups.  Results:  Body mass index (BMI) was higher among participants who were in the lowest tertile of adherence to the Nordic diet ( P =0.006). There was a significant association between socioeconomic status (SES) and adherence to the Nordic diet ( P &lt;0.0001). Participants who were in the top category of adherence to the diet had significantly lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( P &lt;0.0001). There was a significant inverse association between adherence to the Nordic diet and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (odds ratio [OR]=0.29 95% CI: 0.09, 0.91, P =0.025), high systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels (OR=0.35 95% CI=0.17-0.74, P =0.015), and risk of obesity (OR=0.25 95% CI: 0.10, 0.63, P =0.03).  Conclusion:  Results suggest that adherence to the Nordic diet is associated with reductions in the prevalence of obesity, LDL levels and blood pressure among type 2 diabetic patients. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Association of modified Nordic diet with cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study