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Most of the ventricular septal defects (VSD) are complicated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) which is the major cause of pulmonary hypertensive crisis and right ventricular failure.  Methods:  We reviewed clinical outcomes of 63 infants who underwent cardiac surgery and were divided into three groups. Control group (n=20) did not received sildenafil while group A (n = 22) received drug (0.3 mg/kg) before and after surgery. Group B (n=21) received drug at the initiation of surgery. Demographic data, preoperative and postoperative variables were compared among the patients.  Results:  Patients in the group A had lower preoperative pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) compared to other groups ( P &lt; 0.001). Also, patients in control group had longer cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P &lt; 0.05). Postoperative PAP in patients of group A and B decreased significantly compared to control group ( P &lt; 0.001). Also, pre- and postoperative PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance) showed a significant decrease in group A compared with control and group B ( P &lt; 0.001). The intubation time in patients of the control group was significantly more prolonged compared with patients of group A and B (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the length of ICU stay was significantly longer in patients of control group compared with group A and B ( P &lt; 0.001).  Conclusion:  Preoperative sildenafil therapy seems to be effective and safe to prevent postoperative PAH and pulmonary hypertensive crisis in children with ventricular septal defects and has a positive impact on postoperative care.

The role of preoperative sildenafil therapy in controlling of postoperative pulmonary hypertension in children with ventricular septal defects