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Thalassemia is a chronic hereditary anemia which can be associated with different psychological, emotional, and behavioral problems such as depression and anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and anxiety of patients with thalassemia.  Methods:  This was a randomized controlled trial study. A total of 76 patients were randomly allocated to an experimental (n=38) and a control group (n=38). Patients in the experimental group were provided with cognitive behavioral therapy while their counterparts in the control group received routine care services. Depression and anxiety assessments were performed four weeks before the intervention as well as four and six weeks after that. Between-group and within-group comparisons were performed through the independent-sample t-tests and the paired sample t-test, respectively  Results:  The post-test mean score of anxiety in the experimental group was significantly lower than that for the control group, while there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the post-test mean score of depression. The mean score of depression in both study groups decreased significantly. The rate of decrease in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group.  Conclusion:  Cognitive behavioral therapy can be used to prevent or alleviate depression and anxiety among patients.

The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Thalassemia: a Randomized Controlled Trial