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Gastroenteritis (Gi) is one of the most common infec-tions in children under five years as a community-ac-quired infection and hospital-acquired infection [1].Community-acquired Gi generates a variety of problems and costs for health care systems, due to visits, hospi-talizations, laboratory activities, professional services, medications and other treatments; gastroenteritis can also cause hardship for the families of those infected, because of lost working time and reduction in labor productivity of the parents [2].in addition, cases of nosocomially acquired infections cause prolongation of hospital stay, and outbreaks of Gi may lead to ward closure and, occasionally, even closure of the whole hospital [3-5].the majority of these diseases are viral in origin, with rotavirus (rV) and norovirus (nV) being the most com-mon [1].For all these reasons, defining correct and efficient in -fection control measures is very important in preventing rV and nV infection, especially when it is necessary to avoid the spread of the disease, and to rapidly control the outbreaks.High incidence of rV Gi encouraged research for the de-velopment of rV vaccine strategies; the first licensed rV vaccine (rotaShield, Wyeth - ayerst) against several rV diseases have been developed, but have been withdrawn because of the slightly increased occurrence of intussus-ception complications in vaccinated children [6].intensive work lead to the availability of two new rV vaccine tested for safety and protective efficacy in both developed and developing countries [7-9].in developed countries, these vaccines may substan-tially reduce the number and associated costs of child hospitalizations, and clinical visits for acute diarrhoea; in developing countries, they could reduce the death rate from diarrhoea and improve child survival through programmes for children immunisation and diarrhoeal disease control [10].However, rV vaccines cannot be considered the only key for decreasing Gi incidence. in fact, economic prob-lems (especially in the poorest countries of the world) and a low compliance to vaccination may determine low vaccination coverage of population; besides, it is essen-tial to consider the necessary period of time (years) for obtaining vaccination coverage in paediatric population sufficient to minimize the incidence of the disease.in addition, technical difficulties still present in obtain-ing an effective vaccine against nV represent further a complication for an effective prevention of viral Gi.Finally, since multiple pathogens are involved in acute and severe diarrhea in infants and children, vaccination should be considered as a major constituent, but not the only one, of the entire prevention measures battery required against Gi.other strategies include health care professionals train-ing, personnel hygiene, personnel protective equip-ment, quality standards of health service, antisepsis and environmental disinfection; the last one playing a very interesting role.in particular, a correct approach to antisepsis and disinfection practices must guarantee the appropriate choice of antiseptics and biocides. Selection of products, there-fore, must be based on experimental evidence of their specific efficacy against rV and nV in conditions of work practice, to obtain the best possible antimicrobial effect on skin, environmental contaminated surfaces and objects.the analysis of preventive measures generally used in many health settings, and the review of the properties of the main biocides used in hand-antisepsis and in en-vironmental decontamination, confirm our opinion that there is space to implement antisepsis and environmen-tal disinfection practices, in order to improve control measures for viral Gi diseases [4, 11-13].

Is there still space for the implementation of antisepsis and disinfection to prevent rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks?