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It is well known that the Spanish third person plural of  -er  and  -ir  verbs has two different preterite endings: primary  -ieron , and the variant  -eron , which appears after stem-final  -j , e.g.,  dijeron ,  trajeron ,  tradujeron , etc., and that  -eron  arose from  -ieron  through absorption of the semiconsonant [j] into the Old Spanish stem-final palatal  -x  [ʃ], e.g.,  dixieron  &gt;  dixeron . What is not so well known is that OSp.  dixiemos ,  dixiestes , like  dixieron  &gt;  dixeron , likewise reduced to  dixemos ,  dixestes , but unlike  dixeron , did not survive. It is also to date unknown that the reduction of  -ieron  &gt;  -eron  occurred in other grammatical categories, e.g., OSp.  cogieron  &gt;  cogeron , before reverting to  -ieron . The present study will show when  -eron  first arose and became the predominant variant of the two after  -x , the extent to which it arose in other grammatical categories, and will explain why vertical vocalic symmetry between OSp.  dixiemos ,  dixiestes ,  dixieron , later  dixemos ,  dixestes ,  dixeron , was ulimately broken, and how the loss of  dixiemos/dixemos ,  dixiestes/dixestes  on the one hand, and the triumph of  dixeron  on the other, are completely interconnected, ironically tied to the same historical linguistic phenomenon, and actually two sides of the same coin.

When nothing does something: The proliferation and triumph of the third person plural preterite variant ending -eron in Old and Early Modern Spanish